Why end tags used on void elements don’t break the HTML?

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I’m new to HTML and I’m not understanding what is “ilegal” to do, if I code the following in C++ I will have a redefinition error.

int a = 2;
int a = 3;

But for example, in HTML Standard I found: ” Void elements only have a start tag; end tags must not be specified for void elements.” (source) So I would expect that the following HTML would kinda break:

<html>
<p>hello, insert a name <input> </input> </p>
</html>

But it works just fine, So what is illegal, that you “break” html?

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